The invention of the penalty kick is also credited to the goalkeeper and businessman William McCrum in 1890 in Milford, County Armagh, Ireland.[7] The Irish Football Association presented the idea to the International Football Association Board and finally after much debate, and after a blatant goal-line handball by a Notts County player in the FA Cup quarter-final against Stoke City, the board approved the idea on 2 June 1891.[8] A similar incident in Scotland in a match between Airdrieonians and Heart of Midlothian also contributed to the call for the penalty kick,[9] which came into effect in the 1891–92 season. The first ever penalty kick was awarded to Wolverhampton Wanderers in their game against Accrington at Molineux Stadium on 14 September 1891. The penalty was taken and scored by "Billy" Heath[10] as Wolves went on to win the game 5–0.
Shoot-out
Israeli Yosef Dagan is credited with originating the modern shoot-out,[19] after watching the Israeli team lose a 1968 Olympic quarter-final by drawing of lots. Michael Almog, later president of the Israel FA, described Dagan's proposal in a letter published in FIFA News in August 1969.[20] Koe Ewe Teik, the Malaysian FA's member of the referee's committee, led the move for its adoption by FIFA.[20] FIFA's proposal was discussed on 20 February 1970 by a working party of the International Football Association Board (IFAB), which recommended its acceptance, although "not entirely satisfied" with it.[21] It was adopted by the IFAB's annual general meeting on 27 June 1970.[22] In 2006, Deutsche Presse-Agentur reported a claim by former referee Karl Wald (b.1916), from Frankfurt am Main, that he had first proposed the shoot-out in 1970 to the Bavarian FA.
In England, the first ever penalty shoot-out in a professional match took place in 1970 at Boothferry Park, Hull between Hull City and Manchester United during the semi-final of the Watney Cup, and was won by Manchester United. The first player to take a kick was George Best, and the first to miss was Denis Law. Ian McKechnie, who saved Law's kick, was also the first goalkeeper to take a kick; his shot hit the crossbar and deflected over, putting Hull City out of the Cup.
Penalty shoot-outs were used to decide matches in UEFA's European Cup and Cup Winners' Cup in the 1970–71 season. The first ever European Cup shoot out was between Everton F.C. and , with Everton winning 4–3. On 30 September 1970, after a 4–4 aggregate draw in the first round of the Cup Winners' Cup, won the first shoot-out 5–4 against Aberdeen, when Jim Forrest's shot hit the bar.
In the first round of the European Cup 1972–73, the referee prematurely ended a shoot-out between CSKA Sofia and Panathinai***, with CSKA leading 3–2 but Panathinai*** having taken only four kicks. Panathinai*** complained to UEFA and the match was annulled and replayed the following month,[24][25] with CSKA winning without the need for a shoot-out.
The final of the 1973 Campeonato Paulista ended in similar circumstances. Santos were leading Portuguesa 2–0 with each team having taken three shoot-out kicks, when referee Armando Marques declared Santos the winners. Portuguesa manager quickly led his team out of the stadium; this was allegedly to ensure the shoot-out could not resume once the mistake was discovered, and that instead the match would be replayed, giving Portuguesa a better chance of victory. When Santos counter-objected to a replay, Paulista FA president Osvaldo Teixeira Duarte annulled the original match and declared both teams joint champions.[26][27]
The first major international tournament to be decided by a penalty shoot-out was the 1976 European Championship final between Czechoslovakia and West Germany. UEFA had made provision for a final replay two days later,[28] but the teams decided to use a shoot-out instead.[29] Czechoslovakia won 5–3, and the deciding kick was converted by with a "chip" after had put the previous kick over the crossbar.
The first penalty shoot-out in the World Cup was on 9 January 1977, in the first round of African qualifying, when Tunisia beat Morocco.[30] The first shoot-out in the finals tournament was in 1982, when West Germany beat France in the semifinal. If the 1982 final had been drawn, penalties would not have applied unless the replay was also drawn;[31][32] from 1986, penalties were scheduled after the final as for the earlier knockout rounds.[32]
The penalty kick rule was approved as number 13 in the Laws of the Game,
In 1998 Gary Lineker made a documentary for the BBC on William McCrum and the penalty kick.
One of Lineker's most famous sayings is: ‘Football is a simple game; 22 men chase a ball for 90 minutes and at the end, the Germans win.'
Shoot-out
Israeli Yosef Dagan is credited with originating the modern shoot-out,[19] after watching the Israeli team lose a 1968 Olympic quarter-final by drawing of lots. Michael Almog, later president of the Israel FA, described Dagan's proposal in a letter published in FIFA News in August 1969.[20] Koe Ewe Teik, the Malaysian FA's member of the referee's committee, led the move for its adoption by FIFA.[20] FIFA's proposal was discussed on 20 February 1970 by a working party of the International Football Association Board (IFAB), which recommended its acceptance, although "not entirely satisfied" with it.[21] It was adopted by the IFAB's annual general meeting on 27 June 1970.[22] In 2006, Deutsche Presse-Agentur reported a claim by former referee Karl Wald (b.1916), from Frankfurt am Main, that he had first proposed the shoot-out in 1970 to the Bavarian FA.
In England, the first ever penalty shoot-out in a professional match took place in 1970 at Boothferry Park, Hull between Hull City and Manchester United during the semi-final of the Watney Cup, and was won by Manchester United. The first player to take a kick was George Best, and the first to miss was Denis Law. Ian McKechnie, who saved Law's kick, was also the first goalkeeper to take a kick; his shot hit the crossbar and deflected over, putting Hull City out of the Cup.
Penalty shoot-outs were used to decide matches in UEFA's European Cup and Cup Winners' Cup in the 1970–71 season. The first ever European Cup shoot out was between Everton F.C. and , with Everton winning 4–3. On 30 September 1970, after a 4–4 aggregate draw in the first round of the Cup Winners' Cup, won the first shoot-out 5–4 against Aberdeen, when Jim Forrest's shot hit the bar.
In the first round of the European Cup 1972–73, the referee prematurely ended a shoot-out between CSKA Sofia and Panathinai***, with CSKA leading 3–2 but Panathinai*** having taken only four kicks. Panathinai*** complained to UEFA and the match was annulled and replayed the following month,[24][25] with CSKA winning without the need for a shoot-out.
The final of the 1973 Campeonato Paulista ended in similar circumstances. Santos were leading Portuguesa 2–0 with each team having taken three shoot-out kicks, when referee Armando Marques declared Santos the winners. Portuguesa manager quickly led his team out of the stadium; this was allegedly to ensure the shoot-out could not resume once the mistake was discovered, and that instead the match would be replayed, giving Portuguesa a better chance of victory. When Santos counter-objected to a replay, Paulista FA president Osvaldo Teixeira Duarte annulled the original match and declared both teams joint champions.[26][27]
The first major international tournament to be decided by a penalty shoot-out was the 1976 European Championship final between Czechoslovakia and West Germany. UEFA had made provision for a final replay two days later,[28] but the teams decided to use a shoot-out instead.[29] Czechoslovakia won 5–3, and the deciding kick was converted by with a "chip" after had put the previous kick over the crossbar.
The first penalty shoot-out in the World Cup was on 9 January 1977, in the first round of African qualifying, when Tunisia beat Morocco.[30] The first shoot-out in the finals tournament was in 1982, when West Germany beat France in the semifinal. If the 1982 final had been drawn, penalties would not have applied unless the replay was also drawn;[31][32] from 1986, penalties were scheduled after the final as for the earlier knockout rounds.[32]
The penalty kick rule was approved as number 13 in the Laws of the Game,
In 1998 Gary Lineker made a documentary for the BBC on William McCrum and the penalty kick.
One of Lineker's most famous sayings is: ‘Football is a simple game; 22 men chase a ball for 90 minutes and at the end, the Germans win.'